Subverting symbolism: the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act and cooperative federalism.

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• Federal Cases - 738 F.Supp.2d 718 (E.D.Mich. 2010), 10-10429-BC, Glenn v. Holder
• Federal Cases - 474 U.S. 82 (1985), 84-5555, Heath v. Alabama
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• Federal Cases - 514 U.S. 549 (1995), 93-1260, United State v. Lopez
• Federal Cases - 527 U.S. 706 (1999), 98-436, Alden v. Maine



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• Federal Cases - 529 U.S. 598 (2000), 99-5, United States v. Morrison
• Federal Cases - 534 U.S. 473 (2002), 00-952, Wisconsin Dept. of Health & Family Servs. v. Blumer
• Federal Cases - 109 U.S. 3 (1883), Civil Rights Cases
• Federal Cases - 260 U.S. 377 (1922), 39, United States v. Lanza
• Federal Cases - 285 U.S. 262 (1932), New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann
• Federal Cases - 83 U.S. 36 (1873), Slaughter-house Cases
• Federal Cases - 403 U.S. 88 (1971), 144, Griffin v. Breckenridge
• Federal Cases - 435 U.S. 313 (1978), 76-1629, United States v. Wheeler