Opinion of Advocate General Emiliou delivered on 11 January 2024.

Core Citations

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• Opinion of Advocate General Emiliou delivered on 11 January 2024.

This document cites

• Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales - Articles 3, 4, 52
• N. S. (C-411/10) v Secretary of State for the Home Department and M. E. and Others (C-493/10) v Refugee Applications Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform.
• N. S. (C-411/10) v Secretary of State for the Home Department and M. E. and Others (C-493/10) v Refugee Applications Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform.
• Mostafa Abed El Karem El Kott and Others v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal.
• Abubacarr Jawo contra Bundesrepublik Deutschland.



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• Serin Alheto v Zamestnik-predsedatel na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite.
• Nawras Bolbol v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal.
• Bashar Ibrahim v Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
• Abubacarr Jawo contra Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
• N. S. (C-411/10) v Secretary of State for the Home Department and M. E. and Others (C-493/10) v Refugee Applications Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform.
• Nigyar Rauf Kaza Ahmedbekova and Rauf Emin Ogla Ahmedbekov v Zamestnik-predsedatel na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite.
• Meki Elgafaji and Noor Elgafaji v Staatssecretaris van Justitie.
• Nawras Bolbol v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal.
• C. K. and Others v Republika Slovenija.
• Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union
• Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof
• Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 2016/C 202/01
• Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted
• Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection
• Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection
• Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
• Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
• EZ v Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
• TARAKHEL v. SWITZERLAND
• TYRER v. THE UNITED KINGDOM
• GÄFGEN v. GERMANY
• XY contra Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl.
• NB and AB v Secretary of State for the Home Department.
• judgment of 13 January 2021
• Opinion of Advocate General Emiliou delivered on 4 May 2023.
• Opinion of Advocate General Emiliou delivered on 7 September 2023.
• Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides, OFPRA v SW.
• X and Others v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid.